This study aims to explain the factors underlying the formation and continuity of interaction between Muslims and Assyrian and Armenian Christians in the Azerbaijan region during the Safavid era. The main research question examines how economic, doctrinal, and ritual factors influenced the formation and persistence of relations between the two religious communities. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing library resources including historical works, travel accounts, and related scholarly studies, with data analyzed through content analysis. The findings indicate that economic relations, particularly participation in markets and commercial and professional networks, constituted one of the most enduring contexts for social contact between Muslims and Christians. In the doctrinal sphere, shared religious foundations—especially belief in God and common religious figures—alongside the acceptance of doctrinal differences, facilitated mutual understanding. In the ritual sphere, the proximity of religious spaces, familiarity with religious rites and symbols, and participation in certain cultural occasions created avenues for social interaction. The simultaneous examination of these three spheres demonstrates that interaction between the two communities was not merely a consequence of geographical proximity, but rather emerged from the interconnection of economic needs, communicative capacities arising from religious commonalities, and social encounters surrounding rituals. Nevertheless, doctrinal differences, tax inequalities, and political constraints during various periods influenced the extent and quality of this interaction. Accordingly, the historical interaction between the two communities can be understood as a variable process contingent upon historical circumstances, in which cooperation and limitation coexisted simultaneously.