الهیات عملی

الهیات عملی

علوم شناختی؛ به‌سوی الهیات عملی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه معارف اهل‌ البیت (ع)، دانشکده الهیات و معارف اهل‌ البیت (ع)، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفۀ معاصر، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران
چکیده
الهیات عملی دانشی میان‌رشته‌ای است که به بررسی و مطالعۀ کُنش‌های فردی و اجتماعیِ انسان به روش الهیاتی می‌پردازد تا چگونگی بازنماییِ نظریه‌های الهیاتی در آن کُنش‌ها را بفهمد. به‌طور کلی، چهار پرسش و وظیفۀ کلیدی برای الهیات عملی وجود دارد: ۱. چه چیزی در حال اتفاق افتادن است؟ (وظیفۀ توصیفی-تجربی)، ۲. چرا آن امر در حال اتفاق افتادن است؟ (وظیفۀ تفسیری)، ۳. چه چیزی باید اتفاق بیفتد؟ (وظیفۀ هنجاری) و ۴. چگونه ما باید واکنش نشان دهیم؟ (وظیفۀ عملی). در دهه‌های اخیر، علم شناختیِ دین زمینه و بستر ایفای دو وظیفۀ توصیفی-تجربی و تفسیری را برای الهیات عملی فراهم کرده است. علم شناختیِ دین یک برنامۀ پژوهشی در دین‌پژوهی است که به‌دنبال ارائۀ فرضیه‌ها یا نظریه‌هایی است که الگوها، همبستگی‌ها و روابط علّیِ تکرارشونده دارند. متخصصان این حوزه از نظریه‌های عصب‌شناسی، علوم شناختی و روان‌شناسیِ تکاملی به‌منظور فهم و تبیینِ طبیعیِ افکار، باورها و رفتارهای دینی استفاده می‌کنند. روش‌های تجربی به‌کاررفته در علم شناختی دین در تلاش‌اند تا جنبه‌های گوناگون رفتار، مناسک و باورهای مذهبی را به‌نحو عینی بررسی، مشاهده و اندازه‌گیری کنند. پرسش این مقاله آن است که محققان و دین‌پژوهانِ الهیات عملی تا چه میزان می‌توانند در فهم (وظیفۀ توصیفی-تجربی) و تبیین (وظیفۀ تفسیریِ) باورها و رفتارهای دینی بر تحقیقات تجربی برخاسته از علم شناختی دین تکیه کنند؟
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Cognitive Sciences Towards Practical Theology

نویسندگان English

Ahmad Ebadi 1
Mohammad Emdadi Masuleh 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Ahl al-Bayt (AS) Studies, Faculty of Theology and Ahl al-Bayt (AS) Teachings, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 PhD. Candidate of Contemporary Philosophy, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran
چکیده English

Practical theology, an interdisciplinary field, investigates and analyzes individual and social actions through a theological lens. Richard Osmer lists four key questions and tasks for practical theology: 1. What is going on? (the descriptive-empirical task), 2. Why is this going on? (the interpretative task), 3. What ought to be going on? (the normative task) and 4. How might we respond? (the pragmatic task). In recent decades, the cognitive science of religion (CSR) has provided the basis for performing two descriptive-empirical and interpretive tasks for practical theology. The CSR, a research program within religious studies, aims to formulate hypotheses and theories based on recurring patterns, correlations, and causal relationships. Experts in CSR draw from neuroscience, cognitive science, and evolutionary psychology to explore and explain religious thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors. Their experimental methods objectively examine and measure various aspects of behavior, rituals, and religious convictions. The central question remains: To what extent can practical theology rely on empirical research from the CSR to understand and explain religious beliefs and behaviors?

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cognitive Science of Religion
Naturalization of Religion
Tasks of Practical Theology
Cognitive Psychology
Methodology of Religious Studies
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